This is part 4 of a multi-part article on the Ugandan kill-the-gays bill. Links to parts 1, 2, and 3 are after the quote. Part 5 will be published in a couple of days.
Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region most
heavily affected by HIV. In 2008, sub-Saharan
Africa accounted for 67% of HIV infections
worldwide, 68% of new HIV infections among
adults and 91% of new HIV infections among
children. The region also accounted for 72% of the
world’s AIDS-related deaths in 2008. (3)
Uganda is located in Sub-Saharan East Africa. It’s adult (aged 15-49) HIV prevalence as of 2005 was 6.4%. (3) For comparison, the U.S. HIV prevalence for the entire population is 0.36% (2009 CDC statistics).
Heterosexual transmission is currently the most prevalent mode of new infections, followed by rate increases in men having sex with men, IV drug use, and medical injections in clinics not always using sterile needles. A person is 2.35 times more likely to contract HIV if they’ve had 5 or more injections in a year. The Ugandan blood supply wasn’t always 100% safe until recently. (3)
HIV prevalence as of 2007 is higher among adults in the wealthiest group than among those in the poorest group (3). This seems counter intuitive because wealth is usually thought to correspond to higher levels of education. Education level and HIV infection rate are closely related. Those with the highest levels of education are the least likely to become infected. (3)
Heterosexual couples over age 25 have the fastest-growing rate of new HIV infections. Proportions of people transmitting HIV in supposed low-risk heterosexual partnerships are actually high. People in monogamous relationships with one partner HIV positive and the other HIV negative were estimated to account for 43% of incident infections in 2008. (3)
In some African countries, as is true in many other countries around the world, there is a high incidence of regular non-marital sexual partners among married people. This is widely known and socially tolerated. In Uganda, the proportion of long-term partnered men (aged 15–49) reporting multiple sexual partners increased from 24% in 2001 to 29% in 2005. In 2008, 46% of new HIV infections in Uganda were estimated to have occurred among people with multiple sexual partners and the partners of such individuals. Some men choose other men as extramarital sexual partners some of the time. (3)
Though married and long-term partnered couples are at the highest risk for new HIV infections, they are the group least targeted for preventive measures, testing, and treatment. (3)
A household survey in 2008 indicated that HIV-infected individuals who knew their HIV status were more than three times more likely to use a condom during their most recent sexual encounter compared with those who did not know their status. Not knowing one’s HIV status leads to unintended virus transmission. (3)
From 2000-2008, about 42% of men who have sex only with men are HIV positive. Men who have sex with both women and men have a lower incidence (as low as 1/4) of the male homosexual-only HIV prevalence. (3)
Widowed people are more than six times more likely to be infected with HIV than those who have never been married as of 2006. (3)
Many more women aged 15-24 are infected with HIV compared to men the same age. 5% of women in this age group are HIV positive while 2% of men the same age are HIV positive. These women are in the range of being most likely to bare children. If undiagnosed and untreated during pregnancy, the newborn children will have HIV. (3)
As of 2007, only 25%-49% of HIV infected pregnant women received antiretroviral treatment to prevent HIV infection of their unborn children. But this rate of treatment has significantly prevented the infection of babies born with HIV and is reducing the rate at which children are orphaned. (2) “A study in Uganda found that timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy and co-trimoxazole prophylaxis reduced mortality by 95% and also produced a 93% reduction in HIV-related orphanhood”. (3)
Because of the wider availability of antiretroviral drugs to treat HIV, many people may have become complacent about using preventive measures. HIV is seen as a chronic, treatable disease and not a death sentence. But, not everyone knows their HIV status and about half of all people affected don’t have access to treatment should they become infected. Since Africa’s drugs are paid for by other countries, the cost of having HIV is not borne by the infected individuals. (3)
In general in Sub-Saharan Africa the HIV-AIDS epidemic peaked in 1995, and HIV prevalence has declined, but current downward trends are much slower or stagnant. After nearly 20 years of effort to bring the HIV-AIDS epidemic under control, some countries are making real progress in education, behavioral changes and treatment. In other countries, there is little data and few programs are available to those populations. Even in the countries with better access to resources, only about 50% of those who need antiretroviral treatment are receiving it. (3)
Sources:
(1) The Rachel Maddow Show
(2) UNAIDS 2008 Global AIDS Epidemic Report
(3) UNAID AIDS Epidemic Update December 2009
Part 5 is located at this link.
AIDS, HIV, kill-the-gays bill, Statistics, Uganda, UNAID AIDS Epidemic Update 2009
January 1st, 2010 at 7:02 am
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January 9th, 2010 at 7:21 pm
I admit, I have not been on this webpage in a long time… however it was another joy to see It is such an important topic and ignored by so many, even professionals. I thank you to help making people more aware of possible issues. Great stuff as usual…
January 23rd, 2010 at 6:20 am
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January 30th, 2010 at 3:57 am
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January 30th, 2010 at 6:11 pm
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February 22nd, 2010 at 12:47 am
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March 19th, 2010 at 11:31 pm
Interesting, and pretty scary facts, but great work on the 13 part series.
.-= Joel´s last blog ..What Can Bloggers Learn From Amazon? =-.
March 20th, 2010 at 7:44 am
Sherri
I needed to read your first post to fully grasp the enormity of your statistics. I know anecdotally that there are many other countries where gays are persecuted, predominantly as a result of ignorance regarding HIV/Aids. But I haven’t been made aware of this development in Uganda from the British media.
Thanks for the post, I will read all your posts in this area and try to find out more over here; also as an active Amnesty International member I will see if this falls under their mandate and if its something they are working on.
David
.-= David Rogers´s last blog ..Looking for Happiness – Time to Celebrate? =-.
March 20th, 2010 at 7:45 am
Suppression of one group by another that is politically stronger is wrong. It is worse when the suppressed group does not represent a physical threat to the establishment. That seems to be one theme here.
Another theme seems to be the theory that there are “secret societies” that have political power we can do nothing about unless we expose them. I have trouble with that.
The largest secret society is the average person that just wants to sit on their butt and eat, drink and be merry. They don’t want to be interrupted with bad news or talk of personal responsibility. Anyone who gets together because of common views to take political action and who close their meeting to “average joe” is a secret society that is plotting to over throw couch sitting. That part of what you say here I disagree with.
.-= Bruce´s last blog ..Heart Disease and other vascular disease in Women part 2 =-.
March 20th, 2010 at 9:30 am
That’s a lot of facts. Is “kill the gays bill” also factual? Makes you wonder whose idea this title was. Regardless of country, it seems a strange thing to do.
.-= Beat Schindler´s last blog ..Personal Growth The Easy Way: Focus On Your Strengths =-.
March 20th, 2010 at 1:00 pm
Hi Sherri -
As a regular reader of your outstanding writing and research, I had already tweeted and stumbled this post.
Somehow, I missed this on my first read.
“Widowed people are more than six times more likely to be infected with HIV than those who have never been married as of 2006.”
ASTOUNDING.
Why?
.-= Corinne Edwards´s last blog ..A LOVE STORY – and pussycats =-.
March 21st, 2010 at 8:52 am
I don’t know anything about HIV, it is amazing to me that we still don’t get medicine out to people who need it around the world.
March 21st, 2010 at 9:20 am
Thank you, this is very informational, it is great that you take the time to educate people abut such important issues. Keep up the great work.
.-= Tom´s last blog ..A Day of A Deaf Blind Person =-.
March 21st, 2010 at 12:51 pm
I really don’t know much about this subject, but it is great that you are trying to make people aware of what is happening in other parts of the world. Keep up the good work.
Everybody needs to care about something that is how we make this world a better place.
Thanks for the information
Debbie
.-= Debbie´s last blog ..Whatever Makes You Happy, Not What Makes Society Happy! =-.
March 22nd, 2010 at 12:06 am
Michelle,
Thanks for commenting!
Medicines don’t reach all the people they need to because of politics and religious beliefs of the country. It also depends on the beliefs and influence of missionaries who bring aid to the country. Some believe in abstinence-only prevention programs and monogamy, but no prevention because they believe it encourages promiscuous sex and infidelity.
The problem with leaving out the condoms is in reality, people are promiscuous and cheat on their spouses. In Africa, that usually means husbands cheating is a tolerated practice. With out condom use, they catch HIV, infect their spouses, and anyone else with whom they have sex. Some men have multiple extramarital partners, one or more being men. The highest transmission rate is between two men.
Sherri
Their is also the problem of outlying areas being so far out that health care in those areas is minimal at best.
March 22nd, 2010 at 12:18 am
Hi Corinne,
Thanks for rereading. I really appreciate it.
Widowed persons are 6 or more times more likely to have HIV because their spouses, usually the men, have extramarital affairs with multiple partners, some being male. Some wives cheat as well. Since the infection rate in Uganda is relatively high, chances are very great that a married person will become infected.
Those who aren’t married are either younger and have had fewer sex partners, and are more likely to be tested for HIV. Studies show that those who know their HIV status are much more likely to use condoms. Couples who know their HIV statuses are also far more likely to use condoms. They are also younger and more willing to change to safer habits and find the treatment they need to live longer.
March 22nd, 2010 at 12:38 am
Hi Beat,
The Ugandan anti-homosexuality bill of 2009 is absolutely real and its nickname is “kill-the-gays bill”. I borrowed the title from The Rachel Maddow Show (TRMS) on MSNBC. Other articles in this series are based on their reporting of this story.
I’m sure most people haven’t heard much about this story because most people haven’t been following The Family. Hardly any coverage happened until after the New York Times printed an article at the end of Dec. 2009 or in Jan. 2010. Then the Washington Post printed something on it. It still hasn’t made much of a splash because few Americans care about people killing people just for being gay half way around the world.
It is strange to us for others to want to try, convict, and execute people for being gay or lesbian. But Africa is an extremely homophobic continent, and Uganda is one of the most homophobic countries. The Muslim world is of the same proclivity. They execute many people just for being gay.
TRMS won a GLAAD award for Best TV news series covering LGBT issues. GLAAD stands for Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation.
Sherri
March 22nd, 2010 at 1:09 am
Hi Bruce,
I respect your disagreement with the part of my story about “secret societies”. Jeff Sharlet, an investigative report for Harper’s Magazine, wrote an expose about The Family a few years ago. A link to the book details is in the middle column (sidebar). It’s available in most public libraries.
The Family isn’t completely a secret society. They just stay as far out of the news and under the radar as possible. But they recruit people of great influence all over the world. Different Family groups hold different ideas about what is right and wrong.
The Family in America objected firmly to the Ugandan bill. Those in the upper Ugandan government are members of the Ugandan branch of The Family, and were influenced to write this bill, not by The Family in America, but by anti-gay religious activists, Scott Lively and Don Schmierer. Scott Lively convinced Ugandan leader David Bahati that they needed to get their gay problem under control, and Mr. Lively drafted at least some of the legislation.
Most people in America don’t really know or care much about what is going on in other parts of the world, as long as we aren’t at war with them anyway.
March 22nd, 2010 at 1:23 am
Hi David,
I’m very glad I reached someone involved with Amnesty International. If it doesn’t fit AI’s mandate, they may have connections with an organization that can. Getting the word out about this largely unreported news story is that so few people are aware of it at all. I hoped with out hope that someone might read this who might have a way of directly intervening in this human rights tragedy. Thank you for looking into what Great Britain and AI can do.
I don’t know if it has had much coverage in Europe. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, the U.S. ambassador to Uganda, and President Obama have publicly spoken out against this pending legislation. I have no idea if their sound bites get much coverage outside the U.S.
People not hearing about this story makes me wonder what else is going on in the world that we don’t know about.
March 22nd, 2010 at 1:25 am
Thanks Joel,
This is a scary story that doesn’t need to happen. It shows just how cruel a powerful group can be to a minority group just because they think they can.
Sherri
March 22nd, 2010 at 8:27 pm
Really interesting stats Sherri. I will definitely go onto earlier parts to catch up.
.-= Keller Hawthorne´s last blog ..Simply Fresh Themes Has Officially Opened! =-.
March 23rd, 2010 at 10:50 am
Hi Sherri,
Thanks for sharing.
Your site is exposing the madness in this world. Education for prevention seems lacking.
Please keep up this important good work. Millions of lives are clearly being affected by HIV: such a waste.
.-= Lance Nelson´s last blog ..How A Bolyarka Beer Saved Me From Blast Injury. A Trabant Fest In Velhiko Tarnovo =-.
March 24th, 2010 at 12:51 am
Keller,
Thanks for reading!
I hope you get a chance to view the entire series. It’s both fascinating and horrifying. It’s just as terrible an atrocity as genocide in Africa, and genocide in the modern world in many other places. Many Muslim countries also imprison and execute gays and lesbians.
When I first heard about this story, the first thing I thought was I have got to get this information out to more people.
Sherri
March 24th, 2010 at 1:02 am
Hi Lance,
Thank you for the complement! I greatly appreciate it.
There is a huge amount of madness in this world. I don’t believe it’s new, I think that with the internet and 24-7-365 cable news coverage globally, we just know about it a lot more. Even Al Jazeera English gives us a great window into the Muslim parts of the world.
There are so many human rights and civil rights issues that it’s hard to keep up with and report on every story. I try to bring forward the lesser reported stories I think are very important.
Sometimes I write about big topics, like health care reform. Those posts are more of my opinion (progressive) on the big news stories.
Sherri
March 24th, 2010 at 6:04 am
Hi Sherri, there seem to be a number of issues here, I think that the aids issue muddies the legislation to make being gay a crime punishable by death. That is almost beyond belief, especially in this day and age.
As for the aids issue, I can’t say that I don’t agree with the AB part of the formula – abstinence and being faithful – it IS effective and even common sense in a situation like this – if it is done, the problem is that it isn’t – so that renders it ineffective.
Getting to the root of that issue wouldn’t be a bad place to start – I see it even as a family/women’s issue more than a gay issue – it seems by the statistics that the women and children are a large percentage of the victims in this crime – and I do see spreading aids to your partner and children as a crime no matter what your sexual preference.
I am unconvinced that it is a crime of ignorance – it’s a well known fact that multiple partners increases the chance of spreading the aids virus – that should be enough. (and obviously isn’t)
That said, more $ allotted to mandatory screening and disclosure rather than pushing the AB principal would be far more effective because it’s information that can be used in a practical way by individuals and even give power to would be victims to combat aids.
As for the Family, I don’t know much about it but as it happens, I’ve spent a fair bit of time researching ‘conspiracy theories’ lately, the Illuminati has come up. I don’t think that the influence of powerful groups outside of government should be poo poo’d or taken lightly – many of them aren’t secret at all. I think the idea that ‘the buck stops at gov’t’ as we’ve known and even trusted it is becoming more and more hard to swallow and even obvious. Things that are ridiculous and make no common sense (and there are many these days) at first glance make a lot more sense if you look at it with a slightly different view ‘outside the box’.
It’s funny that Africa has come up – one theory is that the ‘Elite’/New World Order has got an interest there. Part of the problem is that no one really knows anything for sure – it’s hard to know who and what to believe. But we don’t and shouldn’t accept the status quo without question. I think that the most important thing is to keep an open and alert mind – wake up. Question things, discuss them, speak up as you’ve done here Sherri.
There are always going to be hidden agenda’s and interests in the world as we know it – it’s part of the human condition. Just as there are men (and women) who knowingly pass the aids virus to their own family. And as there are people who think they have the right to pass legislature to kill others for being gay.
.-= Jan – queenofkaos´s last blog ..Is SBS – Scatter Brain Sydrome – Holding You Down? =-.
March 24th, 2010 at 12:56 pm
It’s a sad problem, and not many people are aware of the extent of this. I have friends working in Africa and so am maybe more aware than most, but your statistics are staggering even still. Excellent reporting.
.-= Teagan´s last blog ..Another Food Recall =-.
March 24th, 2010 at 5:28 pm
I agree that apathy generally is the driving factor here in the good old USA. Especially when the country is so remote. Most people would be hard pressed to locate Uganda on a map. What do you think about The Family as a researcher? I just do not have time to look at such things. There is some anecdotal evidence that there are people in positions of influence that influence those holding political power. Nothing new in that. Why call them Family except to sensationalize it? I think capitalism and the tendency to put dollars before people leads to bad decisions that do not benefit people but only benefit corporations. This seems to be a cultural and economic condition and not collusion except in the sense that the executives and board members job is to make a profit and there seems to be no morality where profits and corporations are concerned.
.-= Bruce´s last blog ..PREVENTION-What do you think it is? =-.
March 25th, 2010 at 2:18 am
Hi Jan,
The biggest disconnect in this story is the majority of people who have HIV and are spreading it are heterosexuals, usually married.
While most of us know that multiple partners greatly increase the probability of contracting HIV, Ugandans are not well educated about sex or sexually transmitted disease transmission. Alcohol abuse combined with multiple sex partners and not using condoms is a recipe for widely spreading HIV.
The Ugandans blame gays and lesbians for HIV/AIDS. If they find out someone is gay or lesbian, those people can be tried, convicted and sentenced to as much as life in prison. If the gay or lesbian person is HIV positive, they will be executed by hanging, as of the time this bill was being debated. Fortunately, the bill hasn’t become law and most likely won’t.
The reason good prevention was downplayed is Evangelicals like Scott Lively, Rick Warren, and Don Schmierer strongly influenced the thinking of government officials. Evangelicals took advantage of Ugandan’s relative ignorance about sex and STD’s and imposed their own moral values on Ugandan leaders.They convinced government officials (starting with David Bahati) that gays prey on teenage boys and therefore should not be permitted in society. Of course, pedophiles should be locked up, but most pedophiles are not gay.
The American Family condemned these ideas and this law from the beginning. They support the ABC program and are actively working to improve medical care for HIV (testing and better distribution of treatment). They also strongly support nation-building in many African countries.
About Africa in general, it was colonized in the 1800′s by a fair number of European countries, especially the British empire. When colonists left and countries won independence, they had already been held back more than a century in human, economic and political development. While many areas may have indoor plumbing and electricity, they are about 100 years behind the developed world.
Sherri
March 25th, 2010 at 2:24 am
Teagan,
Thank you. It is a horrifying situation with much wider spread consequences than people in the modern world even consider might be happening.
If you have contact with your friends in Africa, I hope you can contact them about the Uganda problem and find out what is happening with HIV/AIDS, which parts of the population are at greatest risk of contracting it, and what the social attitudes and laws are concerning gays and lesbians. I’m sure there are more issues in Sub-Saharan Africa that we wouldn’t believe at first if we knew about them.
Sherri
March 25th, 2010 at 2:48 am
Hi Bruce,
My opinions about The Family as a researcher are divided on opposite ends of the good v bad spectrum. While they do a lot of good works in the world, they are excessively secretive and have some very dangerous ideas. One is that they preach a non-traditional belief in Christianity. They require members to put The Family before their families and their jobs, and I see that as quite a problem if someone’s job is legislative and they are supposed to represent their districts or states.
I don’t know why they call themselves “The Family”. They also go by the name “The Fellowship”.
The best sources I’ve found for researching The Family are Jeff Sharlet’s book, Harper’s Magazine, and the occasional newspaper article about them. The have their fingers in more pies than just Uganda. Jeff Sharlet is such a great source because he joined The Family and lived in one of their residences undercover for about a year. He still has contacts who will talk to him about a lot of things.
I would look at The Family more like the Catholic Church than as a corporation. They do amass wealth, but it is kept for their mission, which is to help develop the third world and build self-sufficient Christian nations. I am troubled that they impose Christianity on countries that already have their own religions.
They use their money to send high-level U.S. government officials to visit countries and the official is required to put forth Family policies rather than U.S. policies. In the third world, when a Senator or Congressman arrives, they easily get in to see a country’s top officials. The country visited may take what is said as U.S. policy, but it’s not.
The U.S. State Department is monitoring Family sponsored trips by U.S. Congress members and is having U.S. ambassadors visit the country’s officials as soon as possible to inform them of U.S. policies, and that the Congress member who recently visited them may not be properly representing U.S. policies.
March 27th, 2010 at 2:09 pm
Those are a lot of very sad statistics. I’m especially saddened to read them after having read some years ago about the success of the ABC (abstinence, being faithful, condoms) strategy, which was implemented in Uganda in particular. HIV rates had been brought down considerably and the country was considered a success story in 2005 and 2006. The author of the article I read at the time stated that UN policies were removing that strategy from practice. I guess now we know now how successful that plan was.
While there are Christians who confuse hating the sin with hating the sinner, that is not true of every one. As an evangelical Christian myself, I believe that homosexuality is wrong. But so is lying. As a tremendously flawed human being, I am no better than someone in the homosexual lifestyle and I owe them as much respect and love as any other human on the planet.
I don’t like the concept of The Family, but I do agree that there are people who believe that way and who may exercise political power to those ends. However, I find it hard to believe that some of the mainstream evangelicals accused of supporting the kill the gays law are actually guilty of that. From the little bit of research I did, it appears that the news stories were vague, linking people to events without confirming directly that they indeed support the law in question.
.-= Amy LeForge´s last blog ..FFYF: Forgetfulness Edition =-.
March 27th, 2010 at 8:19 pm
Hi Amy,
Thank you for your thoughts. As Jesus said, “he who is without sin, cast the first stone” when the town men were about to stone a woman to death for adultery.
The ABC program was very successful, and now there is a lot of catching up to do to regain that success.
Sometimes anyone with the power to do it, no matter their religion, behave as if they are better than others. Their sins are somehow less sinful than another person’s sins.
The only American Evangelical Christian directly involved with the writing of this bill was Scott Lively, and Don Schmierer was with Lively on the trip in March 2009. David Bahati finished the bill and brought it before the Ugandan Parliament. Ugandans are very homophobic and have little to no tolerance for gays.
Lively has given some very hateful presentations on the evils of gays and the behaviors they engage in that are intolerable in society, like gay men are predators of boys. They are not. In almost all cases, pedophiles are heterosexual men. Lively helped draft the bill. There are both audio tapes and videos of his talks given at the March 2009 conference with this intolerant and misleading speech on them. Farther into the series, one of those videos is available. I’ll try to find some more and publish them.
Pastor Rick Warren was a bit slow to condemn the bill, and he did strongly condemn it. But he had nothing to do with its creation. His ministry is anti-gay. If you are gay, you cannot join his church. He was also a major supporter of Prop. 8 in California in the 2008 election. He is anti-gay, but he does not believe gays should be arrested and killed for being gay. He rightfully called the bill unjust and un-Christian.
I’m not sure I would call Scott Lively a mainstream Evangelical Christian.
Sherri
March 28th, 2010 at 10:28 pm
I’ve never heard of Scott Lively, but then I don’t pay much attention to people who wind up at the forefront of large groups. I don’t trust ‘em.
I do question your claim about pedophiles being almost exclusively heterosexual…that’s not in line with other reports I’ve read over the years. Again, this is mainly casual reading not actual study. I would be interested in the study that provided that conclusion.
The whole membership in a group issue can be difficult for people on both sides. My church actually left its founding denomination over membership definitions (didn’t have anything to do with homosexuality) so I’m familiar with exactly how difficult it can get.
Private groups have the right to define who can and cannot be a member. If I set a definition of membership for my group I will by default be excluding some people. Does that make me anti-them? Not necessarily.
I find it sad that Christians take such a rap for being anti- this or that, when so many other groups also have membership definitions that naturally exclude large numbers of people. I can’t be a member of the JayCees. I’m too old. Can’t be a Muslim. I’m Christian. Can’t be a Jew, or a Knight of Columbus, or a Veteran of Foreign Wars, or….you get the picture. Does that make those groups anti-me? No. I just don’t fit their definition or membership requirements. Do I go around complaining about it? No. I just find groups that work for me and with me, then I live and let live.
.-= Amy LeForge´s last blog ..FFYF: Forgetfulness Edition =-.
April 26th, 2010 at 12:52 pm
[...] links:Part 1: Born in the USAPart 2: Horrific DetailsPart 3: American Silence is Deafening Part 4: HIV-AIDS Statistics in UgandaPart 5: State Dept Must Make US Policy ClearPart 6: Richard Cohen and debunking gay curePart 7: [...]